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Activated carbon adsorption tank
Activated carbon adsorption tankAn activated carbon adsorption cabinet is a kind of efficient air purification equipment, through the physical adsorption characteristics of activated carbon, widely used in industrial waste gas treatment, indoor environment improvement, and other fields. The following is our detailed analysis from the aspects of technical principles, application scenarios, structural design, maintenance management, and industry trends:First, the core technology principle and workflow Adsorption mechanism Activated carbon has a developed pore structure (specific surface area up to 500-1500 m²/g), through the van der Waals force adsorption of VOCs in the air (such as benzene, toluene, formaldehyde), odor molecules, and some particles. The adsorption efficiency is closely related to the particle size, pore distribution, and pollutant concentration of activated carbon. Desorption regeneration When the activated carbon is saturated, the adsorption capacity needs to be restored by regeneration: Thermal desorption: 100-200℃ steam or hot air is used to purge and condense pollutants after volatilization (e.g., recycling organic solvents in the chemical industry). Chemical regeneration: The use of acid-base solutions to elute specific contaminants (such as activated carbon after treating acidic exhaust gases). Biological regeneration: The use of microorganisms to degrade adsorbed organic matter, suitable for low-concentration wastewater treatment. After regeneration, the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon can be restored to more than 80%, but the performance gradually decreases after multiple regeneration. 2. Typical application scenarios and cases Treatment of industrial waste gas Painting industry: treatment of paint booth exhaust gas (such as automobile manufacturing xylene removal rate of 95%), combined with catalytic combustion to achieve "adsorption concentration + desorption treatment". Printing industry: adsorption ink volatile VOCs, processing air volume up to 14400 m³/h, purification efficiency over 95%. Chemical industry: Recycling solvents (such as benzene, and ketones) to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generation. Indoor environment improvement Laboratory ventilation: removal of chemical volatiles to ensure the safety of operators. Commercial space: hotels, hospitals, and other places to remove decoration odor, with light oxygen catalysis to enhance the deodorization effect. Home application: activated carbon package to assist the treatment of formaldehyde, but needs to be replaced regularly (recommended once a month). 3. Structural design and key parameters Core component Adsorption layer: Granular activated carbon (GAC) or honeycomb activated carbon (BAC) is used, and the filling amount is calculated according to the treated air volume (such as 10,000 m³/h air volume needs to be filled with 1-2 tons of activated carbon). Filtration system: The pre-effect filter screen intercepts dust, and the post-efficient filter screen prevents activated carbon particles from leaking. Desorption device: steam coil or electric heating tube to achieve uniform heating to ensure desorption efficiency. Design essentials Wind speed control: The wind speed of the adsorption section should be less than 0.5m /s to avoid short circuits affecting the adsorption effect. Material selection: Glass steel or stainless steel (strong corrosion resistance) is commonly used in industrial scenes, and PP plastic is mostly used in civil equipment. Safety protection: Set the temperature sensor and explosion-proof valve to prevent the spontaneous combustion of activated carbon (activated carbon adsorption and heat release may cause risks). 4. Selection and operation and maintenance guide The key index of selection Air volume matching: Select the equipment specifications according to the exhaust gas emissions (such as 10,000 m³/h air volume corresponding to the adsorption cabinet with a processing capacity of 10,000 m³/h). Activated carbon performance: iodine value ≥800 mg/g (strong adsorption capacity), ash ≤10% (reduce secondary pollution). Regeneration method: thermal desorption is preferred for high-concentration waste gas, and chemical regeneration can be used for low-concentration waste gas. O&m precautions Replacement cycle: calculated according to pollutant concentration (for example, when the intake concentration is 200 mg/m³, the activated carbon life is about 3-6 months). Hazardous waste treatment: Saturated activated carbon belongs to HW49 hazardous waste, which needs to be entrusted with qualified units for disposal. Energy efficiency management: Energy consumption in the desorption stage accounts for more than 60% of the operating cost of the equipment, and energy consumption can be reduced through waste heat recovery |
